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Spain recorded the largest increase: the number of Russians holding residence permits there rose by 44,000, or 61%, over four years. Cyprus ranked second (up 27,000), followed by France (up 14,000).
In some EU countries, however, the number of Russian citizens with temporary or permanent residency fell. The largest declines were in Latvia (down 15,000), Estonia (down 9,000), and Czechia (down 8,000).
Eurostat data indicate that the number of Russians who had settled in the EU rose sharply in 2022 and 2023, then remained largely stable.
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Starting November 1, new rules for obtaining a residence permit will take effect in the republic. The authorities are introducing quotas on residence permits, moving document submission online, and for the first time setting clear financial requirements for foreign entrepreneurs.
